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Article History

Received: 18 June 2021

Revised: 20 July 2021

Accepted: 25 July 2021

First Online: 19 December 2021

COMPLIANCE WITH ETHICAL STANDARDS

: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interests. This paper does not contain any studies involving animals or human participants performed by the authors.

: Outgroup is a group that is phylogenetically distant from the studied group of sister taxa, originating from a common ancestor, serves as a comparison point for the studied group of taxa.ncRNA is a noncoding RNA.Orthologs are homologous genes in different types of organisms, that is, genes that have a common evolutionary origin, a similar structure, and perform a similar function.ORF is an Open Reading Frame, a section of the gene encoding a protein.Synteny is the location of genetic loci on the same chromosome, regardless of whether they are linked according to the analysis of linked inheritance.Synteny blocks are conservative sections of the compared genomes in which the order of arrangement of the studied elements is preserved.Hidden Markov models are statistical models that are used for recognizing genes, modeling their structure, modeling sequence families, etc.BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) is software that allows you to find areas of similarity between sequences of proteins or nucleotides.CS-BLAST (Context-Specific BLAST) is software that extends the sensitivity of BLAST to search for similar amino acid sequences.PSI-BLAST (Position-Specific Iterated BLAST) is a software that extends the capabilities of BLAST to search for similar amino acid sequences, allowing the user to find drastically phylogenetically distant homologous proteins. k -mers are parts of nucleotide sequences of a certain length ( k ).