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Article History

Received: 22 December 2025

Revised: 4 January 2026

Accepted: 10 January 2026

First Online: 30 March 2026

ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE

: This article does not contain any studies involving patients as test objects. Informed consent was not required for this article.

: Albino Wistar rats of both sexes, weighing between 180 and 240 g, were used for the antidiabetic study. The animal study was conducted at Deshpande Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., India, in accordance with protocol no. CPCSEA/IAEC/DIPS/ 07/23/37 (approved on 01/08/23). The animals were housed in polypropylene cages under a 12 h light/dark cycle with controlled environmental conditions (temperature: 24 ± 1°C; relative humidity: 35–60%). They had free access to water and a standard diet of dry pellets. The rats were acclimatized to laboratory conditions for ten days prior to the start of the experimental procedures. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee, and all experiments were carried out in compliance with the guidelines of the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA).

: No conflicts of interest were declared by the authors.