Liu, Xiao Fan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8342-4623
Wang, Zhen-Zhen
Xu, Xiao-Ke
Wu, Ye
Zhao, Zhidan
Deng, Huarong
Wang, Ping
Chao, Naipeng
Huang, Yi-Hui C.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Major Projects of the National Social Science Fund of China (19ZDA324)
Ministry of Education of China (22YJC860026)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62173065)
Article History
Received: 11 July 2022
Accepted: 12 May 2023
First Online: 5 June 2023
Declarations
:
: HeyTap users can voluntarily enroll in User Experience Improvement Program, and their phone use logs are transferred anonymously to the manufacturer for analysis. Aggregate-level data can be used for phone design improvements, advertisement recommendations, and other purposes including research. The user agreement clauses and collaboration letters are attached in Additional file , Sect. 8. We obtained approval from the City University of Hong Kong and Shenzhen University’s Ethical Review Boards.
: The authors declare no competing interests.