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Received: 4 June 2024

Accepted: 22 March 2025

First Online: 17 April 2025

Declarations

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: Several programs were developed using the R language, in order to: (1) To detect relationships between sentiments and both socioeconomic and environmental variables. The following packages were utilised caret [, ] and stats [] packages. (2) to carry out the Keywords analysis, where the packages udpipe [, ] and igraph [–] were used. (3) Plotting of graphs, the package ggplot2 [, ] was applied.(4) To study the networks, to calculate embeddings and related metrics. The following packages were utilised: dplyr [], data.table [], parallel [], Rfast [–], igraph [–], iGraphMatch [], fastnet [, ], multivariance [–], proxy [], abdiv [], plyr [], matrix [], stats [], stringr [] (5) To plot histograms. The following packages were used: ggplot2 [, ], patchwork [], scales []. (6) Other utilised packages: zoo [, ], ggpubr [], purrr [], tidyverse [], rstatix [], quanteda [], car [, ], caTools [], GGally [], glmnet [–], MASS [, ], sqldf [], sjmisc [, ], reshape2 [], FactoMineR [, ], Factoextra [], splus2R [], astsa [–], magrittr [], lubridate [, ], tseries [], openair [, ], jsonlite, [, ], tm [–], tmap [], NLP[], OpenNLP [], gtools [], tnet [, ], xml2 [], SnowballC [], base [].Several functionalities were developed using Python language, they were: (1) To prepare the tweets for analysis, where the following packages were utilised: TextBlob [], emoji [], demoji [], stop-words [], nltk [, ]. (2) To build and study the interaction networks, where networkx [, ], pickle [, ] and copy [] were used. (3) Identification of the CNET skeleton, comparison of filters for obtaining it, and metrics analysis where netbone [] was used. (4) General uses, where os [], numpy [], matplotlib [], itertools [, ], csv [, ] and pandas [–] were applied. (5) Other utilised packages: warnings [], operator [], sys [], regex [], glob [], random [], dask [], cdlib [, ], collections [], seaborn [, ], subprocess [], re [], pyvis [].In addition to the above we use the software provided in [–].

: The research complied with all the relevant national regulations.We only used public tweets. Terms of Use, Reproduction, and Citation of WorldBank|Data|Indicators repository [] can be found here: . World Bank Group makes data available according open data standards and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC-BY 4.0).

: There is consent from the authors to participate in the manuscript.

: There is consent to the publication of the manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.