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Authors
Aydoğdu, Bilgeçağ
Danış, Didem
Bilgili, Özge
Yıldızcan, Cemil
Yağcıklı, Semiha Nur
Güneş, Subhi
Salah, Albert Ali
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (870661, 870661, 870661, 870661)
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Article History
Received: 17 April 2025
Accepted: 8 July 2025
First Online: 19 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study uses anonymized and aggregated mobile phone data from Turkcell Technology, with customers providing consent for research purposes at subscription time. The data were prepared following strict ethical protocols, privacy-by-design principles, and legal frameworks, including the Turkish Law on Protection of Personal Data, and EU’s General Data Protection Regulation. The data are processed to prevent identification of individuals and is shared only under limited access conditions as documented in the HumMingBird EU project report of the ethics committee [].
: The authors hereby affirm their consent to the publication of this manuscript in the journal. Furthermore, they confirm that all relevant data, methodologies, and results have been fully disclosed and presented in the manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
