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Authors
Achananuparp, Palakorn
Xu, Ye
Lu, Yao
Ashok, Xavier Jayaraj Siddarth
Lim, Ee-Peng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Education - Singapore (T2EP20223-0047)
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Article History
Received: 26 April 2025
Accepted: 3 December 2025
First Online: 13 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Singapore Management University under Category 1: Exempt from Further IRB Review (approval number IRB-23-142-E039(923)). All participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) and provided informed consent before participating. The study adhered to ethical research guidelines, ensuring voluntary participation and fair compensation. No personally identifiable information was collected.
: All authors have reviewed and approved the manuscript for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
