Tessa, Benedetta https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6628-4850
Moreo, Alejandro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0377-1025
Cresci, Stefano https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0170-2445
Fagni, Tiziano https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1921-7456
Sebastiani, Fabrizio https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4221-6427
Funding for this research was provided by:
NextGenerationEU
HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council
Article History
Received: 20 January 2026
Accepted: 17 April 2026
First Online: 3 June 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: All authors gave consent for the publication of the manuscript.
: AM’s and FS’s work has been partially supported by project “Future Artificial Intelligence Research” (FAIR – CUP B53D22000980006), project “Quantification under Dataset Shift” (QuaDaSh – CUP B53D23026250001), and project “Strengthening the Italian RI for Social Mining and Big Data Analytics” (SoBigData.it – CUP B53C22001760006), all funded by the European Union under the NextGenerationEU funding scheme. SC’s, BT’s, and TF’s work has been partly supported by the European Union – Next Generation EU, Mission 4 Component 1, for project PIANO (CUP B53D23013290006) and for the ERC project DEDUCE under grant #101113826.