Tian, Xinling https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4196-9366
Wang, Mingxu
Wang, Chunpeng
Teng, Lin
Zhou, Wenjie
Mao, Yong
Funding for this research was provided by:
Liaoning Provincial Doctoral Research Initiation Fund (2025-BS-0532)
Humanities and Social Sciences Research Planning Fund of the Ministry of Education of China (24YJAZH242)
Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security (SKLCN-2023-02)
Liaoning Province Science and Technology Program Joint Project (2025-MSLH-120)
National Natural Science Foundation under Grant (62541206)
Shandong Province Youth Innovation Team under Grant (2022KJ124)
the Youth Outstanding Talent Program of Qilu University of Technology under Grant (2025QZJH02)
Article History
Received: 13 March 2026
Accepted: 20 April 2026
First Online: 6 May 2026