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Article History

Received: 25 March 2025

Accepted: 5 May 2025

First Online: 16 May 2025

Declarations

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: The team of scientists at Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Vaccine Development including its co-directors, Professors Peter Hotez and Maria Elena Bottazzi, are co-inventors on non-revenue generating patents for neglected tropical diseases owned by Baylor College of Medicine (BCM). They are also co-inventors of a COVID-19 recombinant protein vaccine technology owned by BCM that was licensed by Baylor Ventures non-exclusively and with no patent restrictions to several companies committed to advance vaccines for low- and middle-income countries. These include Biological E (India), BioFarma (Indonesia), Incepta (Bangladesh) and ImmunityBio (United States with partnerships is the African Continent including Botswana and South Africa). The co-inventors have no involvement in license negotiations conducted by BCM. Similar to other research universities, a long-standing BCM policy provides its faculty and staff, who make discoveries and that result in a commercial license, a share of any royalty income. Any such distribution will be undertaken in accordance with BCM policy. Dr. Hotez is also the author of several books published by academic presses (ASM-Wiley) and Johns Hopkins University Press, and he receives modest royalty income from this activity.