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Authors
Wu, Hsing-Ju
Weng, Yueh-Shan
Liu, Yu-Chang
Wei, Yu-Ting
Li, Pei-Yun
Lee, Peng-Yi
Hsu, Fei-Ting
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council, Taipei, Taiwan (NSTC 113-2811-B-039-028 and NSTC 114-2811-B-008-002)
National Science and Technology Council, Taipei, Taiwan (NSTC 112-2314-B-758-001-MY3)
National Science and Technology Council, Taipei, Taiwan (NSTC 112-2314-B-039-063-MY3)
Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua (BRD-111014)
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Article History
Received: 28 November 2025
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 17 February 2026
Declarations
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: Studies involving animal subjects The experimental mice were supplied by the National Laboratory Animal Center and approved by IACUC (CMUIACUC-2022-299, approved on February 25, 2022) at CMU. The mice were housed under a 12-hour light/dark cycle at 25 °C in the Animal Housing Facility Center of China Medical University (Taiwan). In compliance with ethical guidelines, the maximum tumor size/burden permitted by our ethics committee/IRB is 2000 mm 3 or body weight loss over 20%. We confirm that this threshold was not exceeded throughout the study. Studies involving human subjects Open source data was used. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (CMUH110-REC1-038(CR-3)) and the Institutional Review Board of Show Chwan Memorial Hospital (SCMH_IRB No. 1140706).
: All authors have reviewed the final manuscript and give their consent for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
