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Article History

Received: 5 August 2025

Accepted: 28 April 2026

First Online: 8 May 2026

Declarations

:

: CCM Patients : The study protocol was strictly performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and with permission by the local ethical committee of the Hannover Medical School, Germany (Approval Number 6960) and the Ethics Committee of University of Bonn Medical Center (Approval Number 076/08 and 042/08). Written informed consent was collected from all the patients involved in this study. Animal Study : All experimental animal procedures were conducted in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines and the European Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. The study was approved by the relevant ethics committee and authorized by the French Ministry of Research, and University of Rochester. Animals were housed under standard conditions, and all procedures were performed with attention to minimizing distress and ensuring the well-being of the animals throughout the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.