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Article History

Received: 5 April 2026

Accepted: 22 June 2026

First Online: 26 June 2026

Declarations

:

: All animal experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Approval Number: A2023-043–01) and were conducted in accordance with the National Institutes of Health’s Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. All studies involving human participants were carried out in accordance with the ethical standards of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. All clinical procedures were performed in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and were approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (Approval Number: K2025-047–01). The privacy rights of all human subjects were strictly protected, and written informed consent was obtained from all patients prior to inclusion in the study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.