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Article History

Received: 16 February 2021

Accepted: 1 April 2021

First Online: 19 April 2021

Change Date: 14 May 2021

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The additional file to this article has been updated.

Declarations

:

: Not applicable. This study only used existing de-identified patient records and analyses of health care claims, data do not meet the definition of human subject research, so Institutional Review Board approval and patient informed consent were not required. No identifiable private information or protected health information was provided. This study was conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for Good Pharmacoepidemiology Practices (GPP) of the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE) 2016, the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines, and with the ethical principles laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: SJT reports grants for research (no personal compensation): Allergan, Amgen, ElectroCore, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Neurolief, Novartis, Satsuma, Zosano; Consultant and/or Advisory Boards (honoraria): Aeon, Align Strategies, Allergan/Abbvie, Alphasights, Amgen, Aperture Venture Partners, Aralez Pharmaceuticals Canada, Axsome Therapeutics, Becker Pharmaceutical Consulting, BioDelivery Sciences International, Biohaven, ClearView Healthcare Partners, CRG, CoolTech, Currax, Decision Resources, DeepBench, DRG, Eli Lilly, Equinox, ExpertConnect, GLG, Guidepoint Global, Healthcare Consultancy Group, Health Science Communications, HMP Communications, Impel, InteractiveForums, Krog and Partners, Lundbeck, M3 Global Research, Magellan Rx Management, Medicxi, Navigant Consulting, Neurolief, Nordic BioTech, Novartis, Pulmatrix, Reckner Healthcare, Relevale, SAI MedPartners, Satsuma, Slingshot Insights, Spherix Global Insights, Sudler and Hennessey, Synapse Medical Communications, System Analytic, Teva, Theranica, Thought Leader Select, Trinity Partners, XOC, Zosano; Salary: Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, American Headache Society, Thomas Jefferson University; CME honoraria: American Academy of Neurology, American Headache Society, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Diamond Headache Clinic, Elsevier, Forefront Collaborative, Hamilton General Hospital, Ontario, Canada, Headache Cooperative of New England, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Inova, Medical Learning Institute Peerview, Medical Education Speakers Network, Miller Medical Communications, North American Center for CME, Physicians’ Education Resource, Rockpointe, ScientiaCME, WebMD/Medscape.JF, PV, AA, MF, and MG are employees and shareholders of Novartis; LZ and YS were employed by KMK Consulting Inc., at the time of this study, which received funding from Novartis to conduct this study.