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Article History

Received: 1 August 2023

Accepted: 5 September 2023

First Online: 27 October 2023

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: PM: Editor-in-Chief of The Journal of Headache and Pain and of SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine; EU Expert, European Medicines Agency. ML: Associate Editor of The Journal of Headache and Pain. MA: personal fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Lundbeck, Novartis, Pfizer, and Teva Pharmaceuticals outside of the submitted work; associate editor of Cephalalgia, The Journal of Headache and Pain, and Brain. RB: research support from the NIH, Allergan, Teva, Dr. Ready, Eli Lilly, Trigeminal and the Migraine Research Foundation. He is a reviewer for NINDS, holds stock options in AllayLamp, Theranica and Percept; serves as consultant, advisory board member, or has received honoraria from Alder, Allergan, Amgen, Autonomic Technologies, Avanir, Biohaven, CGRP diagnostic, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratory, ElectroCore, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Pernix, Theranica, Teva, and Trigemina; CME fees from Healthlogix, Medlogix, WebMD/Medscape, and Patents 9061025, 11732265.1, 10806890, US2021-0015908, WO21007165, US2021-0128724, WO21005497. S-JC: honoraria for speaking or consulting from Abbie, Allergan, Eli Lilly and Company, Lundbeck, Handok-Teva, and SK chemicals. DWD: consulting for Amgen, Atria, CapiThera Ltd., Cerecin, Ceruvia Lifesciences LLC, CoolTech, Ctrl M, Allergan, AbbVie, Biohaven, GlaxoSmithKline, Lundbeck, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Impel, Satsuma, Theranica, WL Gore, Genentech, Nocira, Perfood, Praxis, AYYA Biosciences, Revance, Pfizer; honoraria from American Academy of Neurology, Headache Cooperative of the Pacific, Canadian Headache Society, MF Med Ed Research, Biopharm Communications, CEA Group Holding Company (Clinical Education Alliance LLC), Teva (speaking), Amgen (speaking), Eli Lilly (speaking), Lundbeck (speaking), Pfizer (speaking), Vector Psychometric Group, Clinical Care Solutions, CME Outfitters, Curry Rockefeller Group, DeepBench, Global Access Meetings, KLJ Associates, Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning, Majallin LLC, Medlogix Communications, Medica Communications LLC, MJH Lifesciences, Miller Medical Communications, WebMD Health/Medscape, Wolters Kluwer, Oxford University Press, Cambridge University Press; non-profit board membership of American Brain Foundation, American Migraine Foundation, ONE Neurology, Precon Health Foundation, International Headache Society Global Patient Advocacy Coalition, Atria Health Collaborative, Arizona Brain Injury Alliance, Domestic Violence HOPE Foundation/Panfila; research support from Department of Defense, National Institutes of Health, Henry Jackson Foundation, Sperling Foundation, American Migraine Foundation, Henry Jackson Foundation, Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI); stock options/shareholder/patents/board of directors of Aural analytics (options), Axon Therapeutics (shares/board), ExSano (options), Palion (options), Man and Science, Healint (options), Theranica (options), Second Opinion/Mobile Health (options), Epien (options), Nocira (options), Matterhorn (shares), Ontologics (shares), King-Devick Technologies (options/board), EigenLyfe (shares), AYYA Biosciences (options), Cephalgia Group (shares/board), Atria Health (options/employee); patent 17189376.1-1466 Title Onabotulinum Toxin Dosage Regimen for Chronic Migraine Prophylaxis (Non-royalty bearing); patent application submitted Synaquell® (Precon Health). RG-G: Honoraria for lectures/ consulting from Allergan/ Abbvie, CMBE, FLOAT, Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, Pfizer, Tecnifar, Teva; Trial investigator for Novartis, AMGEN, Bayer, Merck, Sanofi, Lundbeck; Research grants from Novartis and Tecnifar - Sociedade Portuguesa de Cefaleias; Fundação Ciência e Tecnologia and Universidade Católica Portuguesa. LG: consultancy and advisory fees from Abbvie-AllerganSpA, Lundbeck, Novartis, EliLilly, TEVA Pharm, Pfizer. DDM: honoraria, research, and travel grants from Allergan/Abbvie, Amgen, Biogen, Cefaly, Genesis Pharma, Eli Lilly, Electrocore, Lundbeck, Mertz, Merk-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Specifar, and Teva; he participated in clinical trials for Amgen, Novartis, Cefaly, Eli Lilly, Electrocore, Genesis Pharma, Lundbeck, Mertz, Specifar, and Teva as principal investigator; he is President of the Hellenic Headache Society and Co-chairman of the Headache Scientific Panel at the European Academy of Neurology. AMvdB: honoraria, research and/or travel grants from Allergan/Abbvie, Amgen/Novartis, Eli Lilly, Satsuma and Teva as principal investigator; she is First Vice President of the European Headache Federation and board member of the Dutch Headache Society. JO: stock owner in Cephagenix and Lundbeck. SS: personal fees as speaker or advisor by Abbott, Allergan-Abbvie, AstraZeneca, Boheringer, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, NovoNordisk, Pfizer, Teva; research grants by Novartis, Uriach; president elect European Stroke Organisation, second vice president of the European Headache Federation, specialty chief editor in Headache and Neurogenic Pain for Frontiers in Neurology, associate editor for The Journal of Headache and Pain, assistant editor for Stroke. TJS: personal compensation for consulting activities from Abbvie, Amgen, Axsome, Biodelivery Science, Biohaven, Collegium, Eli Lilly, Ispen, Linpharma, Lundbeck, Novartis, Satsuma, and Theranica; research funding from Amgen; has stock options in Aural Analytics and Nocira; serves on the Board of Directors for the American Headache Society and the American Migraine Foundation. CT: honoraria for the participation in advisor boards or for speaking in scientific symposia from Allergan/Abbvie, Dompé, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Biohaven, Teva, WebMD; research support from AbbVie, Dompé, Migraine Research Foundation, Italian Ministry of Health, EU Commission; payments for Clinical trials from Allergan/Abbvie, Amgen, Lilly, Novartis, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Biohaven and Teva; she is President of the International Headache Society and co-sponsor of the initiative ‘Headache research Priorities’ in collaboration with AHS. S-JW: PI of clinical trials for Novartis, Lundbeck, Teva and AbbVie; personal fees as advisor or speaker by AbbVie, Pfizer and Orient EuroPharma. AR: editorial board member of The Journal of Headache and Pain. MOM, CL, UR, RG-G, ERdlT, GS, YW and TW declare no competing interests.