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Article History

Received: 22 May 2025

Accepted: 19 June 2025

First Online: 17 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: • Chen, Chu, Coppola, Della Pietra, Dong, Ekizoglu, Farham, Ha, Hsiao, Kissani, Labastida-Ramirez, Ling, Lytvyak, Onan, Yener, Papetti, Ozge, Tanprawate, Vongvaivanich, Y.G. Wang, Wijeratne declare no conflict of interests.• L. Al-Hassany is a member of the Methodology and Statistics Editorial Board of Neurology and a member of the Junior Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain.• C.C. Chiang has received consulting fee from Pfizer, Satsuma and eNeura. She receives research grant from the American Heart Association, with funds paid to her institution.• S.J. Cho is a member of the Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain, and Headache and Pain Research; site investigator of trials sponsored by Allergan, AbbVie, Hyundai Pharmaceutical, Ildong Pharmaceutical, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, and Lundbeck; receiver of honoraria for speaking or consulting from Abbvie Inc, GC Biopharma, Teva-Handok, GC Biopharma Corporation, and Onagon Korea.• C. Els is funded by the Canadian Centre of Recovery Excellence, reports grants from Workers’ Compensation Board of Alberta, and was employed by the College of Physicians & Surgeons of Alberta.• D. Garcia-Azorin has received honoraria as a moderator from AbbVie, Eli-Lilly, Teva, Organon, Lundbeck, and Pfizer. He has received consulting fees from Eli-Lilly, Organon, and Lundbeck, and has been the PI in trials sponsored by BioHaven, Lundbeck, and Pfizer. He has received research grants from Eli-Lilly, Carlos III Health Research Institute, and Regional Health Administration. D. Garcia-Azorin is associate editor of The Journal of Headache and Pain, visual abstract editor of Cephalalgia and junior editor of Neurological Sciences. D. Garcia-Azorin is a member of the Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety of the World Health Organization.• R. Ishii has served as a consultant for Amgen K.K., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Pfizer Japan Inc., and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. He has received speaker honoraria from Amgen K.K., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.• B.K. Kim is on the Editorial Board of Journal of Clinical Neurology. He received honoraria as a moderator/speaker/advisor from Abbvie Korea, Teva-Handok, Lundbeck Korea, Pfizer Korea, Oganon Korea, Dong-A pharm, YuYu pharm, SK pharm, and Ildong pharm.• K.S. Lange reports a research grant from the International Headache Society; and personal fees from Teva; Organon.• L.L.H. Pan is a member of the Junior Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain.• L. Pellesi is member of the Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain, BMC Neurology and European Journal of Medical Research; Editor-in-Training for Clinical and Translational Science.• P. Martelletti serves as Editor-in-Chief of The Journal of Headache and Pain and SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine and also serves as Expert EU Member at European Medicines Agency.• B. Raffaelli reports research grants from Lundbeck; Novartis; the German Research Foundation (DFG); and Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung and personal fees from Abbvie/Allergan; Eli Lilly; Lundbeck; Novartis; Organon; Perfood; Teva.• A. Raggi is the Associate Editor of The Journal of Headache and Pain; Head of Public Health Section of SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine.• S. Straube reports grants from the Workers’ Compensation Board of Alberta, the College of Physicians & Surgeons of Alberta, the Government of Alberta, and the Alberta Medical Association. Sebastian Straube also reports honoraria from the Occupational Medicine Specialists of Canada, the M.S.I. Foundation, the Canadian Centre of Recovery Excellence, and The Policy Works.• T. Takizawa is a consultant/advisor and/or serves on an advisory board for Eli Lilly, Otsuka, Amgen, Pfizer, and Teijin and has received speaker honoraria from Eli Lilly, Daiichi Sankyo, Otsuka, Amgen, Kowa, Kyowa Kirin, Eisai, UCB Japan, Takeda, Sawai, and Santen Pharmaceutical and grants from Eli Lilly, Pfizer and Tsumura outside the submitted work.• D. Uluduz has received honoraria as a moderator from AbbVie, Eli-Lilly; has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Eli-Lilly Turkey; and has been the PI in trials sponsored by Novartis.• M. Waliszewska-Prosół is on the Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain.• S.J. Wang has received honoraria as a moderator from AbbVie, Biogen, Eli-Lilly, Hava Biopharma, and Pfizer, has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Eli-Lilly Taiwan, Percept Co., and Pfizer Taiwan, and has been the PI in trials sponsored by Eli-Lilly, Lundbeck, and Novartis. He has received research grants from Taiwan branches of Eli Lilly, Novartis, and Orient Europharma.• J.W. Wu has received honoraria (as a speaker) from Biogen-Idec, Eli Lilly, Pflizer, AbbVie, and Organon & Co. He has received travel reimbursement and honoraria from American Academy of Neurology, International Headache Society, and Taiwan Headache Society. Also, he received research grants from the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology and Taipei Veterans General Hospital.