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Article History

Received: 28 June 2025

Accepted: 11 August 2025

First Online: 2 October 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: IP serves as member of the Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain, Head of Imaging Section of the SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine journal and as the Guest Editor in The Journal of Headache and Pain. Outside of this work, RM reports personal fees from Abbvie, Biomedia, Eli-Lilly, Lundbeck, Organon, Pfizer and Teva for participating in advisory boards and speaker activities. She is member of the Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain and Confinia Cephalalgica. She has received research support from the Italian Ministry of Health. LP serves as member of the Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain, BMC Neurology, Pain Research and Management and European Journal of Medical Research. In addition, LP is Editor-in-Training for Clinical and Translational Science. C-CC has received personal compensation for consulting or being on advisory boards for Pfizer, AbbVie, Ssatsuma and eNeura. She has received research grants from the American Heart Association, with funds paid to her institution. W-SH serves as member of the Junior Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain. ALR is an Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain. DO is member of the Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain and section editor of SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine. RO declares personal fees from AbbVie, Bayer, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck. Novartis, Organon, Pfizer, and Teva; he is member of the Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain, Confinia Cephalalgica, Frontiers in Neurology, and Arquivos de Neuropsiquiatria. BR reports research grants from Lundbeck, Novartis, German Research Foundation, German Migraine and Headache Society, Else Kröne-Fresenius-Stiftung and personal fees from Abbvie, Lundbeck, Novartis, Organon, Perfood and Teva. BR is an Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain and Cephalalgia. ERB is member of the Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain, and the Headache Medicine and Facial Pain Section of Frontiers in Neurology. RR has received travel grants and/or honoraria for lectures or advisory boards, or has consulted for AbbVie, Betapharm, Lundbeck, Novartis, Pfizer and Teva. CT is Editor of the Primary Care section of Annals of Medicine and Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain. MW-P is member of the Editorial Board for The Journal of Headache and Pain and reports personal fees from AbbVie, Pfizer, Orion Pharma, Polpharma and Teva for speaker activities. WW serves as member of the Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain, Pain and Therapy, SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine. He is also the Guest Editor of Frontiers in Neuroscience. PM declare no personal Conflict of Interest related to the content of this manuscript, intellectual position as Editor in Chief of The Journal of Headache and Pain and of SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine, Member of Editorial Board of Internal and Emergency Medicine, Pain and Therapy, Neurology and Therapy, Clinical Drug Investigation, and EU Expert at European Medicines Agency. AR is Associate Editor of the Journal of Headache and Pain.