Document is current

Article History

Received: 14 July 2025

Accepted: 21 August 2025

First Online: 2 October 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: M.A. Arruda, M. Barloese, A.C. Belin, S. Bottiroli, D. Chowdhury, C. Di Lorenzo, G. Di Stefano, J.C. A. Edvinsson, S. Evers, S. Ferraro, L. Grazzi, D. Holle, J.J. Jansen, M. Lisicki, D. Mitsikostas, M. Obermann, K-P Peng, A. P. Cecchini, M. Vila-Pueyo, I. Rainero, G. Sandrini, S. Tanprawate, and A. Truini declare no competing interest regarding this manuscript.G. Coppola declares to be Associate Editor of The Journal of Headache and Pain, Cephalalgia, Cephalalgia Reports, Frontiers in Neurology (Neurotechnology section), BMC Neurology (Pain section), Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (Brain Imaging and Stimulation section), Headache and Pain Research, Confinia Cephalalgica. He has received honoraria as a moderator from AbbVie, Pfizer, and Eli-Lilly, has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Eli-Lilly, and Pfizer, and has been the PI in trials sponsored by Pfizer and AbbVie. He has received research grants from AbbVie.M. Ashina has received personal fees as a consultant or speaker from AbbVie, Astra Zeneca, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Lundbeck, Pfizer, and Teva, outside of the submitted work. MA also serves as an Associate Editor of Brain and an Associate Editor of The Journal of Headache and Pain.R. De Icco is Junior Editor of Cephalalgia. He received speaker honoraria from Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, TEVA, Pfizer and AbbVie outside the submitted work. He participated in advisory boards of Pfizer and AbbVie. He received a research grant by the Italian Ministry of Health.R. Fronczek has received consultancy fees from Teva and Salvia, speaker fees from Novartis and Lundbeck, and grant support from MedTronic; and is associate editor of cephalalgia.D. García-Azorín declares to be Associate Editor of The Journal of Headache and PainP.J. Goadsby reports, over the last 36 months, personal fees for consulting from Aeon Biopharma, Abbvie, Aurene, CoolTech LLC, Dr Reddy’s, Eli-Lilly and Company, Epalex, Ipsen, Kallyope, Linpharma, Lundbeck, Orion Pharma, Pfizer, PureTech Health LLC, Satsuma, Shiratronics, Teva Pharmaceuticals, and Vial.R. Gil-Gouveia reports honoraria from Allergan/Abbvie, Astra Zeneca, Almirall, Bial, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, CMBE, FLOAT, Lilly, Lundbeck, Merk, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Organon, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi, Tecnifar, Teva.G. Lambru: Co‐chair of the Medical Advisory Board of the Trigeminal Neuralgia Association (TNA) UK; received personal fees from Abbvie, Teva, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck; Pfizer, Dr Reddy's laboratories. Participated in clinical trials as principal investigator for Novartis, Eli Lilly, Teva, NOEMA.M. Lanteri-Minet declares to be Associate Editor of The Journal of Headache and Pain and reports personal fee for advisory boards, speaker panels or investigation studies from Allergan, Amgen, Astellas, ATI, BMS, Boehringer, Boston Scientific, CoLucid, Convergence, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Grunenthal, Eli Lilly, IPSEN Lundbeck, Medtronic, MSD, Novartis, Perfood, Pfizer, ReckittBenckiser, Saint-Jude, Salvia BioElectronics, Sanofi-Aventis, Teva, UCB, UPSA and Zambon.T. Monteith has the following disclosures over the past three years: clinical trial site principal investigator for studies sponsored by Abbvie, Eli Lilly, Ipsen and Rehaler, participation in advisory board/consultancy for AbbVie, Teva, Linpharma, e-Neura, Lundbeck, Novartis, Axsome, Merz, and Pfizer, Educational grant from Amgen and AbbVie, personal fees from Medscape, Massachusetts Medical Society, American Headache Society, American Academy of Neurology, Neurodiem, Academic CME, AbbVie, Novartis, unpaid co-author for research funded by AbbVie, Pfizer/Biohaven, and Theranica. She is an associate editor for Cephalalgia and Continuum Audio, and is on the editorial board for Neurology, American Migraine Foundation, and Brain and Life Magazine. x has provided unpaid service on the board of directors for the International Headache Society (2021-2023) and currently on the executive board for the Florida Society of Neurology.D.A. Montisano received speaker honoraria from Lundbeck, TEVA and AbbVie outside the submitted work.L.L.H. Pan serves as member of Junior Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain.M. Peres declares to be Associate Editor of The Journal of Headache and Pain.I. Petrušić serves as member of the Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain, Head of Imaging Section of the SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine journal and as the Guest Editor in The Journal of Headache and Pain.A. Raggi declares to be Associate Editor of The Journal of Headache and Pain, and of Head of Public Health Section, SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine.G. Sebastianelli serves as member of Junior Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain.T. Takizawa is a consultant/advisor and/or serves on an advisory board for Eli Lilly, Otsuka, Amgen, Pfizer, and Teijin and has received speaker honoraria from Eli Lilly, Daiichi Sankyo, Otsuka, Amgen, Kowa, Kyowa Kirin, Eisai, UCB Japan, Takeda, Sawai, and Santen Pharmaceutical and grants from Eli Lilly, Pfizer and Tsumura outside the submitted work.C. Tassorelli reports, over the last 36 months, personal fees as a consultant or speaker from AbbVie, Dompè, Eli Lilly, Ipsen, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Organon and Teva, outside of the submitted work. She is PI in clinical trials sponsored by AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Ipsen, Lundbeck, Pfizer and Teva. CT also serves as an Associate Editor of Cephalalgia.M. Valeriani declares to be Associate Editor of The Journal of Headache and Pain and reports honoraria from Lusofarmaco, Teva, and Pfizer. He is Chief Editor of Pain Research and Management.D. Vuralli serves as member of Junior Editorial Board of The Journal of Headache and Pain.M. Waliszewska-Prosół declares to be Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain.S.J. Wang declares to be Associate Editor of The Journal of Headache and Pain. He has received honoraria as a moderator from AbbVie, Biogen, Eli-Lilly, Hava Biopharma, and Pfizer, has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Eli-Lilly Taiwan, Percept Co., and Pfizer Taiwan, and has been the PI in trials sponsored by Eli-Lilly, Lundbeck, and Novartis. He has received research grants from Taiwan branches of Eli Lilly, Novartis, and Orient Europharma.Y. Wang declares to be Associate Editor of The Journal of Headache and Pain.T. Wijeratne declares to be Associate Editor of The Journal of Headache and Pain.P. Martelletti M. declares to be Editor-in-Chief of The Journal of Headache and Pain.