Document is current

Article History

Received: 19 June 2025

Accepted: 28 August 2025

First Online: 7 October 2025

Declarations

:

: Both Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham (registered 01/11/2022, CARMS-18660) and Stanford Hall Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre (registered 08/03/2024) approved and registered this study as a Quality Improvement Project. Informed consent was obtained from all study participants regardless. As the primary purpose of the study was service quality improvement, it was deemed to fall outside the scope of national research ethics review. Data relating to individual patients were collected anonymously and held in accordance with General Data Protection Regulation.

: Not applicable.

: AY reports speaker fees for an education talk from TEVA UK (unrelated to this topic). Alexandra Sinclair reports she has consulted for Novartis, AbbVie, Vertex and Orion Pharma and speaker fees from Teva Uk and Novartis on unrelated topics. She was previously a Director and Chief Scientific Officer (CSO) with shares at Invex Therapeutics (unrelated to this topic). MSM is chair of the medical advisory board of the CSF Leak Association; has served on advisory boards for AbbVie, Autonomic Technologies Inc, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Salvia and TEVA; has received payment for educational presentations from AbbVie, electroCore, Eli Lilly, Novartis and TEVA; has received grants from Abbott, Medtronic and electroCore; and has a patent on system and method for diagnosing and treating headaches (WO2018051103A1, issued).All other authors declare no competing interests. Authors declare no other financial relationships with any organisation that might have an interest in the submitted work and no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.