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Authors
Moura, Cristiano S.
Randall, Jason R.
Klarenbach, Scott
Behlouli, Hassan
Luu, Huong
Amoozegar, Farnaz
Kaboré, Jean-Luc
Bernatsky, Sasha
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Canada’s Drug Agency's Post-Market Drug Evaluation Program
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Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Accepted: 20 September 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Research Ethics Office of the Faculty of Medicine, McGill University (IRB Study Number A04-M47-12B). Informed consent is not applicable because the study used de-identified claims data.
: Not applicable.
: The author(s) declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this manuscript: JRR, HL, and SK are members of the Alberta Real World Evidence Consortium (ARWEC) and the Alberta Drug and Therapeutic Evaluation Consortium (ADTEC); these entities (comprised of individuals from the University of Alberta, University of Calgary, and Institutes of Health Economics) conduct research including investigator-initiated industry-funded studies (ARWEC) and government-funded studies (ADTEC). FA reports receiving research support from Eli Lilly, Allergan/Abbvie, Biohaven, Novartis, and Teva; consulting fees from Eli Lilly, Novartis, Teva, Lundbeck, ICEBM, and Pfizer; and speaker honoraria from Eli Lilly, Novartis, Teva, Allergan/Abbvie, ICEBM, and Aralez. All other authors report no conflict.
