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Authors
Wang, Yen-Feng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7027-3432
Tzeng, Yi-Shiang
Pan, Li-Ling Hope https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0192-389X
Ling, Yu-Hsiang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2360-0693
Chen, Shih-Pin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3492-9902
Chen, Wei-Ta https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2355-3540
Lai, Kuan-Lin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2436-6555
Liu, Hung-Yu https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5567-9573
Wang, Shuu-Jiun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5179-5358
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 109-2314-B-075-054, 110-2314-B-075-041-MY3 and 113-2314-B-075 -049 -MY3 (to YFW), and MOST 104-2745-B-010-003, 106-2321-B-010-009, 107-2321-B-010-001, 108-2321-B-010-014 -MY2, 108-2321-B-010 001, 108-2314-B-010-023-MY3, 110-2321-B-010-005, 111-2321-B-A49-004, 111-2314-B-075 -086 -MY3, 111-2321-B-A49-011, and 112-2321-B-075-007 (to SJW), MOST 109-2314-B-075-054, 110-2314-B-075-041-MY3 and 113-2314-B-075 -049 -MY3 (to YFW), and MOST 104-2745-B-010-003, 106-2321-B-010-009, 107-2321-B-010-001, 108-2321-B-010-014 -MY2, 108-2321-B-010 001, 108-2314-B-010-023-MY3, 110-2321-B-010-005, 111-2321-B-A49-004, 111-2314-B-075 -086 -MY3, 111-2321-B-A49-011, and 112-2321-B-075-007 (to SJW))
Taipei Veterans General Hospital (V108C-092, V109C-096, V110C-111, V111C-161, V112C-078, V113C-123, and V112D67-003-MY3 (to YFW))
Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW112-TDU-B-211-144001 (to SJW))
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Article History
Received: 16 July 2025
Accepted: 17 October 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocols were approved by the Institutional Review Board at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital (IRB-TPEVGH No. 2015-11-002B, 2020-11-004 C). All participants provided informed consent prior to participation.
: Not applicable.
: YFW has received personal fees as an advisor or a speaker from Allergan/AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Hava Bio-Pharma, Lundbeck, Novartis, Orient EuroPharma, Pfizer, Sanofi, Teva, UCB, and Viatris, and received research grants from the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology, and Taipei Veterans General Hospital. SJW has received personal fees as an advisor or speaker from Allergan/AbbVie, Orient EuroPharma, Pfizer, and Percept; and has been the principal investigator in trials sponsored by Allergan/AbbVie, Lundbeck, Novartis, Pfizer, and Orient EuroPharma. He has received research grants from the Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan Headache Society, and Taiwan branches of Eli Lilly, Novartis, and Pfizer. YST, LLHP, YHL, SPC, WTC, KLL, and HYL reported no disclosures relevant to the manuscript.
