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Article History

Received: 6 October 2025

Accepted: 17 November 2025

First Online: 26 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval (WCG IRB, Princeton, NJ, United States, and Ochsner Neurosciences Institute IRB, New Orleans, LA, United States) was obtained for each study site and all participants gave written informed consent prior to study participation. Prior to study participation all participants were informed of the observational study guidelines including that the interview is unblinded, not to divulge any proprietary or confidential information, that the interview was being conducted for observational research purposes only and not intended to promote any product or company, that all responses were to be aggregated with other interviewees, and to confirm their comfort in recording the conversation for note taking purposes only.

: Not applicable.

: Fawad A. Khan reported receiving institutional research support from Biohaven, Teva, Marinus, Lundbeck, Supernus, Neurona, and UCB; advisory fees from Eisai, Neurelis, Marinus, Epitel, SK Life Science, AbbVie, Pfizer; honorarium for speaker engagements from Amgen, UCB, SK Life Science, Lundbeck, Allergan, Lilly USA, Pfizer, Impel Pharmaceuticals, AbbVie; honorarium for educational programs from Natus and Stratus. He serves on the Louisiana State Medical Advisory Board in a non-paid position. In non-compensated roles, he is a board member of the Deccan Alumni Association of North America. Steven P. Herzog reports receiving honoraria for speaker engagements from AbbVie. Ryan M. Smith reports no conflicts. Dawn C. Buse has received grant support from Amgen, the National Headache Foundation, and the US Food and Drug Administration; has served as a consultant and received honoraria from Allergan/AbbVie, Amgen/Novartis, Biohaven, Collegium, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Teva, and Theranica; and has served on the editorial board of Current Pain and Headache Reports. Seema Soni-Brahmbhatt, Susanne F. Awad, S. Wald Grossman, Divya Asher, and Foram Patel are full-time employees of Lundbeck LLC or H. Lundbeck A/S. Charles Argoff has served as a consultant for Vertex, X Gene Pharma, OPC, Scilex, GSK and has received honoraria from AbbVie, Averitas, Lundbeck, and Scilex; research grants from Lilly, Abbvie, Vertex, and Lundbeck; and has received royalties from Elsevier for Pain Management Secrets and Raj’s Practical Management of Pain.