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Authors
Wang, Fei
Zhu, Chenlu
Shen, Fei
Pan, Yuanmei
Jiang, Xianguo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Medical-Engineering Interdisciplinary Project of the Shanghai Science and Technology Development Foundation (SKYG2024A10)
the Open Project of the National Major Science and Technology Infrastructure for Translational Medicine (TMSK-2024-207)
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Article History
Received: 21 October 2025
Accepted: 17 November 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: All animal experiments in this study were reviewed and approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Efforts to minimize animal suffering included the use of non-invasive behavioral tests, optimized analgesic protocols, and humane euthanasia following institutional guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
