Document is current

Article History

Received: 23 October 2025

Accepted: 21 November 2025

First Online: 23 December 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: Alberto Raggi, Associate Editor of the Journal of Headache and Pain, Head of Public Health Section of SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine. Matteo Castaldo, Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain. Chia-Chun Chiang, Consultant for Pfizer, AbbVie, Amneal, Satsuma and eNeura. Research support from the American Heart Association, Pfizer and Lundbeck; Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain. Soo Jin Cho, Lecture honoraria from Organo Korea, Handok-Teva, Abbvie Inc, GC holdings, and SK Chemical over the past 24 months; Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain, and Editor in Chief of Headache and Pain Research. Min Kyung Chu, Lecture honoraria from Organo Korea, Handok-Teva, and SK Chemical over the past 24 months. Grants from the Yonsei University College of Medicine (6-2021-0229), the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (HV22C0106), and a National Research Foundation of Korea grant from the Korean Government (MSIT; 2022R1A2C1091767); Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain. Adriana Della Pietra, Editorial Board member of the Journal of Headache and Pain. Philip R Holland, Editorial Board member of the Journal of Headache and Pain. Andreas Kattem Husøy, Lecture honorarium from Teva in 2025; Editorial Board member of the Journal of Headache and Pain. Alejandro Labastida-Ramírez, Editorial Board member of the Journal of Headache and Pain. Ellina Lytvyak, Editorial Board member of the Journal of Headache and Pain, and of SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine. Roberta Messina, Personal fees from AbbVie, Biomedia, Lundbeck, Organon, Pfizer, and Teva, and grants from the Italian Ministry of Health; Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain. Dilara Onan , Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain and SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine. Agnese Onofri, Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain. Raffaele Ornello, Personal fees from AbbVie, Bayer, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, Organon, Pfizer, and Teva; Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain, International Journal of Stroke, Confinia Cephalalgica, and Arquivos de Neuropsiquiatria. Lanfranco Pellesi, Editorial Board Member of Clinical and Translational Science, The Journal of Headache and Pain, BMC Neurology, Pain Research and Management, European Journal of Medical Research and Brain Conflux. Igor Petrušič , Editorial Board member of the Journal of Headache and Pain, Head of Imaging Section of SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine. Francesca Puledda, Consultancy and speaker fees from TEVA, Abbvie, Pfizer, Organon; Associate Editor for Cephalalgia and Cephalalgia Reports and Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain. Bianca Raffaelli, Research grants from Lundbeck, Novartis, German Research Foundation, German Migraine and Headache Society, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung and personal fees from Abbvie/Allergan, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, Organon, Perfood and Teva; Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain and Cephalalgia. Eloísa Rubio-Beltrán, Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain. Ruth Ruscheweyh, Travel grants and/or honoraria for lectures or advisory boards, and consulted for AbbVie, Betapharm, Lundbeck, Novartis, Pfizer and Teva. Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain. Damiana Scuteri, Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain. Gabriele Sebastianelli, Honoraria from AbbVie; Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain. Sebastian Straube, Grants from the Workers’ Compensation Board – Alberta, the College of Physicians & Surgeons of Alberta, the Government of Alberta, and the Alberta Medical Association. Honoraria from the Occupational Medicine Specialists of Canada, the M.S.I. Foundation, the Canadian Centre of Recovery Excellence, The Policy Works, and Ontario Tech University; Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain, SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine, and the Scandinavian Journal of Pain. Claudio Tana, Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain. Doga Vuralli, Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain. Marta Waliszewska-Prosół, Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain. Wei Wang, Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain, and of SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine. William Wells-Gatnik, Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain, and of SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine. Yohannes Woldeamanuel, Funding from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke of the National Institutes of Health, K01NS124911; Editorial Board Member of Chronic Stress, Frontiers in Neurology, Frontiers in Pain Research, The Journal of Headache and Pain, Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease; Associate Editor of BMC Neurology. Jr-Wei Wu, Speaker honoraria from Biogen-Idec, Pfizer, AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Organon, and HAVA Bio-Pharma; Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain. Sophie Merve Yener, Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain. Barbara Corso, Editorial Board Member of The Journal of Headache and Pain. Paolo Martelletti, Editor in Chief of The Journal of Headache and Pain and of SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine.