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Article History

Received: 17 December 2025

Accepted: 5 February 2026

First Online: 27 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki, International Conference on Harmonization guidelines, Good Clinical Practice, and Good Laboratory Practice. All participants provided written informed consent, and these forms and the protocol received Institutional Review Board/Independent Ethics Committee approval prior to initiation of the study. The list of Institutional Review Boards/Independent Ethics Committees for this study was reported previously [ ].

: Not applicable.

: YM received personal consultancy fees from Amgen Astellas BioPharma K.K., Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, Eli Lilly Japan K.K. and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and research grants from Pfizer Japan Inc., AbbVie GK, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Amgen K.K, during the conduct of the study. SK is a consultant for Eli Lilly Japan K.K, and reports lecture fees from Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. TY reports no conflicts of interest. TI is an employee of Pfizer and owns stock/options in Pfizer. YH is an employee of Pfizer and owns stock/options in Pfizer. HY is an employee of Pfizer and owns stock/options in Pfizer. AT was an employee of Biohaven Pharmaceuticals, owns stock in Biohaven Ltd, is an employee of Pfizer, and owns stock/options in Pfizer. AA is an employee of Pfizer and owns stock/options in Pfizer. TF is an employee of Pfizer and owns stock/options in Pfizer. FS is a consultant for Amgen, Otsuka, and Eli Lilly. TT is an advisor for Sawai, Teijin, and Hedgcock MedTech; and reports honoraria (Otsuka, Amgen, Eli Lilly Japan, and Daiichi-Sankyo) and grants for commissioned/joint research (Pfizer, Lundbeck, AbbVie, Eli Lilly Japan).