Updates are available Correction dated 2026-03-04

Article History

Received: 21 January 2026

Accepted: 8 February 2026

First Online: 17 February 2026

Change Date: 4 March 2026

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-026-02317-y

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and the International Conference on Harmonisation–Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP). Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand (EC-KMITL_67_132), and local ethics approvals were secured in participating countries where applicable.

: Not applicable.

: SH, WS, AH and AS report no significant conflict of interest related to this topic. PA has received speaker and advisory board honoraria from BL HUA, DKSH, Lundbeck, Pfizer, and ZP Therapeutics. TP has received speaker honoraria from BL HUA, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Servier, and ZP Therapeutics. ST reports speaker and advisory board honoraria from BL HUA, DKSH, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Viatris, and ZP Therapeutics. WR declares receiving speaker and advisory board honoraria from BL HUA, DKSH, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Viatris, and ZP Therapeutics. SJT reports research funding from Abbvie, Aeon, Amgen, Annovis, Axsome, Biohaven, Bristol Myer Squibb, Cassava, Cognition, Eli Lilly, Inhibikase, Ipsen, Johnson and Johnson/Intracellular, Karuna, Lundbeck, Merz, Neurocrine, Neurolief, Pfizer, PrecisionMed, Revance, Satsuma, Scilex, Suven, UCB, and Upsher Smith; Consuling and/or Advisory Boards (honoraria) from Abbvie, Aeon, Alphasights, Amgen, Aruene/eNeura, Atheneum, Axsome Therapeutics, Bausch Health, Becker Pharmaceutical Consulting, Biohaven, Catch Therapeutics, ClearView Healthcare Partners, ClickTherapeutics, CoolTech, CRG, Decision Resources, Defined Health, DRG, DocDelta, Dr. Reddy’s, Eli Lilly, ExpertConnect, FCB Health, Fenix, Gilmartin Capital, GLG, Guidepoint Global, Health Advances, Health Science Communications, HMP Communications, Impel, Initiator Pharma, InteractiveForums, IQVIA, Keyquest, KLJ Associates, Krog and Partners, Lundbeck, M3 Global Research, Magellan Health, Magnolia Innovation, Miravo Healthcare, MJH Holdings, Neurofront Therapeutics, Neurolief, Nocira, Novartis, P Value Communications, Pain Insights, Inc, Palion Medical, Paragon Therapeutics, Perfood, Pfizer, Pulmatrix, Putnam Associates, Rehaler, SAI MedPartners, Satsuma, Scilex, Slingshot Insights, Spherix Global Insights, Strategy Inc, Synapse Medical Communication, System Analytic, Taylor and Francis, Tegus, Teva, Theranica, Third Bridge, Tonix, Trinity Partners, Unity HA, Vial, and XOC; salary from the Thomas Jefferson University and Ki Health Partners, Speakers Bureau for AbbVie, Amneal, Axsome, Dr. Reddy’s, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Scilex, Teva, and Tonix; CME honoraria from American Academy of Neurology, American Headache Society, Annenberg Center for Health Sciences, Catamount Medical Education, Consortium for Research Education Social Awareness and Training In Neurosciences, Diamond Education Foundation, Forefront Collaborative, Haymarket Medical Education, HMP Global, Medical Education Speakers Network, Medical Learning Institute Peerview, Migraine Association of Ireland, Miller Medical Education, National Association for Continuing Education, North American Center for CME, The Ohio State University, Physicians’ Education Resource, PlatformQ Education, Primed, Vindico Medical Education, and WebMD/Medscape; travel support from AbbVie, American Headache Society, Amneal, Diamond Headache Clinic, Dr. Reddy’s, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, and Pfizer, and book royalties from Springer Health.