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Authors
Madjid, Irma Savitri
Octaviana, Fitri
Werdhani, Retno Asti
Sofyan, Henry Riyanto
Faiq, Ahmad Rafi
Putra, Aditya
Kristoffersen, Espen Saxhaus
Barus, Jimmy Fransisco Abadinta
Trilaksono, Lupi
Findyartini, Ardi
Aninditha, Tiara
Schytz, Henrik Winther
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
This research is funded by Directorate of Research Funding and Ecosystem, Universitas Indonesia under Hibah PUTI 2024 (310)
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Article History
Received: 12 November 2025
Accepted: 17 February 2026
First Online: 24 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia (KET-788/UN2.F1/ETIK/PPM.00.02/2025). All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation.
: Not applicable, as no individual personal data are presented in this manuscript.
: This study highlights barriers affecting headache care in Indonesian primary care, including limited diagnostic tools, short consultation times, and restricted medication availability. By identifying these practical constraints, the findings provide evidence to inform the design of targeted CPD programs that strengthen early recognition of serious headache conditions, promote rational medication use, and optimize referral efficiency. These improvements have potential to reduce avoidable disability from headache disorders and unnecessary burden on secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
