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Authors
Shih, Cheng-Min
Chen, Kun-Hui
Jiang, Fuu-Cheng
Hsu, Cheng-En
Wang, Cheng-Chi
Wang, Shun-Ping
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TCVGH-1141703B)
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Article History
Received: 30 July 2025
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study used precollected, anonymized data, where no patients were directly involved. The lack of personally identifiable information aligns with ethical research standards. The study protocol was submitted to our institution’s institutional review board, which confirmed that no additional approval was necessary.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
