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Article History

Received: 11 June 2025

Accepted: 2 December 2025

First Online: 9 January 2026

Declarations

:

: After deliberation by the Ethics Committee of National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, the design and plan of this research fully considered the principles of safety and fairness. The research content fully considered the requirements of patient rights and ethics, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. There is no conflict of interest in the research content and results. The study received approval from the National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Ethics Committee on 9 July 2024, under the ethical number NYCU113121AW. The animal experiments were performed in accordance with the Basel Declaration and were approved by the Academia Sinica Institutional Animal Care and Utilization Committee (IACUC, #23-07-2023). The ethics committee follows the guidelines of the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS) to ensure the ethical compliance of the experiments.

: Not applicable.

: No conflicts of interest were declared.