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Authors
Ho, Kuo-Hao
Wu, Chao-Jung
Yang, Yi-Chieh
Chien, Ming-Hsien
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (114-2320-B-038-025)
National Science and Technology Council (113-2320-B-038-043-MY3 and 113-2320-B-038-044-MY3)
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Article History
Received: 17 October 2025
Accepted: 13 March 2026
First Online: 3 April 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was not required for this study because we utilized publicly available data aggregated at the national and global levels and did not collect any personally identifying information. Clinical trial number: not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
