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Authors
Li, Hongli
Li, Yong
Liu, Qinghua
Yin, Chonggao
Zhang, Yunxiang
Gao, Peng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2022MH311)
Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2023ZD41)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82373043)
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Article History
Received: 4 October 2025
Accepted: 15 April 2026
First Online: 18 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All patients in this study provided written informed consent for sample collection and data analyses. The research was approved by the ethics committee of Shandong Second Medical University (approval no. 2017050) and based on the ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects of the Helsinki Declaration. Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Experimental Research Ethics Committee of Shandong Second Medical University and conducted according to its guidelines (approval no. 2023SDL311). This study conforms to the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
