Wu, Doudou
Ren, Xiaomin
Li, Pan
Liu, Hao
Wang, Qi
Huang, Yongqing
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFB2200104)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (61674020)
NSFC Fund for Creative Research Groups (62021005)
Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (No. Z191100004819012)
the Fund of State Key Laboratory of IPOC at BUPT (IPOC2025ZR07)
111 Project of China (No. BP0719012)
Article History
Received: 1 July 2025
Accepted: 24 November 2025
First Online: 30 November 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: All authors agree to the publication of the paper in the Nanoscale Research Letters.
: The authors declare no competing interests.