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Article History

Received: 25 November 2025

Accepted: 12 May 2026

First Online: 18 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The collection of Pistacia atlantica complied with all relevant local and national guidelines established by the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) and Iraqi environmental regulations. Plant material was collected from wild populations in the Sulaymaniyah region with permission obtained from the appropriate local landowner/regional environmental authority, in accordance with regulations governing access to botanical resources. Voucher specimens were deposited in the University of Sulaimani Herbarium, and the plant material was authenticated by Dr. Zana M. Ahmad.

: Not applicable. This study did not involve human participants.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.