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Authors
Li, James J.
He, Quanfa
Dorn, Stephen
Wang, Zihang
Lu, Qiongshi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50HD105353, P50HD105353, P50HD105353)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH134039)
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Article History
Received: 1 April 2024
Accepted: 13 May 2025
First Online: 9 June 2025
Declarations
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: The Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) and the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK) datasets are both publicly available, de-identified datasets. This study was exempt from requiring approval from the University of Wisconsin-Madison Health Sciences Institutional Review Board (see “Category 4” exemption: ).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
