Document is current

Article History

Received: 19 April 2024

Accepted: 2 July 2025

First Online: 16 August 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the institutional review boards (IRBs) at each SEED site. SEED 1 recruitment was approved by the IRB of each recruitment site: IRB-C, CDC Human Research Protection Office; Kaiser Foundation Research Institute (KFRI) Kaiser Permanente Northern California IRB, Colorado Multiple IRB, Emory University IRB, Georgia Department of Public Health IRB, Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene IRB, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health IRB, University of North Carolina IRB and Office of Human Research Ethics, IRB of The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and IRB of the University of Pennsylvania. All enrolled families provided written consent for participation.

: Not applicable.

: CLA reports receiving consulting fees from the University of Iowa for providing expertise on epigenetics outside of this work. All other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.