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Authors
Ouyang, Chen-Sen
Wu, Rong-Ching
Chiu, Yi-Hung
Yang, Rei-Cheng
Lin, Lung-Chang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan (NSTC 111-2314-B-037077, NSTC 111-2221-E-992-090-MY3, NSTC 112-2221-E-214-002-MY2, and NSTC 113-2314-B-037-095, NSTC 111-2314-B-037077, NSTC 111-2221-E-992-090-MY3, NSTC 112-2221-E-214-002-MY2, and NSTC 113-2314-B-037-095, NSTC 111-2314-B-037077, NSTC 111-2221-E-992-090-MY3, NSTC 112-2221-E-214-002-MY2, and NSTC 113-2314-B-037-095)
Kaohsiung Medical University and National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology (112KK026, 112KK026)
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST 110-2221-E-153 -005, MOST 110-2314-B-037-051, MOST 111-2221-E-214-018, and MOST 109-2221-E-214-024-MY2)
Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital (KMUH111-1R45, KMUH-SI11104, and KMUH-SA11107)
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Article History
Received: 12 February 2025
Accepted: 14 July 2025
First Online: 12 August 2025
Declarations
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: Written informed consent was obtained by a participant’s family member or legal guardian after the procedure had been explained. In addition, informed consent was also obtained from them for the publication of their children’s images. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUIRB-SV(I)- 20190060) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
