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Authors
Panther, Noriko K.
Bowden, Nicholas
Chu, Joanna
D’Souza, Stephanie
Saha, Sujata
Thabrew, Hiran
McLay, Laurie K.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Child Well-being Research Institute
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Article History
Received: 11 January 2026
Accepted: 13 April 2026
First Online: 23 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the University of Otago Human Research Ethics Committee. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Statistics New Zealand approved access to the IDI. The study involved secondary analysis of de-identified administrative data housed within the IDI. Individual participant consent was not required, in accordance with approval from the University of Otago Human Research Ethics Committee and Statistics New Zealand.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
