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Article History

Received: 26 September 2025

Accepted: 3 December 2025

First Online: 15 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The Research Ethics Board (REB) of Mount Sinai Hospital (Toronto, Canada) and the Clinical Research Ethics Commission of the Hospital Clinic reviewed and approved our protocols under the REB number #22-0215-E in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All study protocols have been approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Commission of the Hospital Clinic (Barcelona, Spain, reference No HCB/2014/0494) and the Research Ethics Committee of Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, reference No PR020/22 in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the current Spanish regulations in the field of biomedical research (law 14/2007, royal decree 1716/2011). Likewise, in accordance with Spain's Data Protection Law (organic law 3/2018), all participants were informed about the study's goals and procedures by a neurologist before signing an informed consent form. Patients' privacy and data confidentiality were protected in accordance with applicable laws.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.