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Article History

Received: 10 November 2025

Accepted: 14 February 2026

First Online: 2 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before study inclusion. The study was approved by the Ethics Committees of the University of Split School of Medicine (Classification no. 003–08/14 − 03/0001 and Registry no. 2181-198-03-04-14-0028; Classification no. 003–08/19 − 03/0003 and Reg. no. 2181-198-03-04-19-0019) and University Hospital Split (Classification no. 530-02/13 − 01/11; Registry no. 2181-147-01/06/J.B.-14-2; Classification no. 500-03/18 − 01/80 and Reg. no. 2181-147-01/06/M.S.-18-2). Both Committees confirmed adherence to the Code of Ethics, Helsinki Declaration, and the Department of Health and Human Services Belmont Report.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The Appendix includes supplementary materials that support the findings presented in the main article. It contains additional analyses, figures, tables, and an extended discussion related to protein expression patterns and predictive modelling in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.