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Authors
Czinczel, Berrit Katharina
Furtak, Erin Marie
Fiedler, Daniela
Harms, Ute
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
IPN - Leibniz-Institut für die Pädagogik der Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik
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Article History
Received: 4 February 2025
Accepted: 24 September 2025
First Online: 3 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Commission of the IPN, Kiel (Germany, file no. 2022_33_KU) and by the state ministry of education in Schleswig–Holstein, Germany. We ensured that students gave informed consent before the start of the survey. We anonymized the data by destroying the lists matching IDs to individual students after completion of the survey. Neither students nor teachers received compensation for their participation.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
