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Authors
Rayzah, Musaed https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2837-6141
Alzerwi, Nasser A. N.
Idrees, Bandar
Alhumaid, Ahmed A.
Baksh, Yaser
Rayzah, Fares
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Article History
Received: 30 August 2025
Accepted: 31 December 2025
First Online: 16 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study used de-identified data from the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and federal regulations for human subject research. As this study involved the analysis of existing de-identified datasets, institutional review board approval was not required for this study.
: Not applicable. This study used de-identified data from the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB). Individual patient consent was not required, as the research involved the analysis of existing de-identified datasets.
: Not applicable. This study used de-identified data from the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB). Individual patient consent for publication was not required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
