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Article History

Received: 30 September 2025

Accepted: 11 January 2026

First Online: 28 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This doctoral dissertation received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd (IR.SSU.SPH.REC.1403.073) and was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The authors affirm that no data fabrication, duplicate publication, or plagiarism occurred during the conduct of this research. A component of the developed model is publicly accessible at https://share.google/nhX4kK04jdR7BSjZa.

: Verbal informed consent was obtained from all individuals prior to their enrollment in the study. Trained research staff provided detailed explanations regarding the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and participants’ rights, including voluntary participation and withdrawal at any time without penalty. The assigned investigator documented both the verbal consent and its confirmation in the research log.

: Not Applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.