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Authors
Esmaeel, Safya E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9313-2656
Alruwaili, Fatimah Naif S. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3861-1194
Alanazi, Farah Salamah F. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5293-3240
Alayyashi, Asma Zaid M. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4939-690X
Alanazi, Reem Falah A. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6082-3382
Alanzi, Yazeed Falaha A. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6981-4431
Alanazi, Faris Salamah F. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3467-9957
Alenezi, Yazeed Mazied M. https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4082-5934
Bayomy, Hanaa E. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7273-7931
Fahmy, Eslam K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1994-2570
Abu Alsel, Baraah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3811-0822
Fawzy, Manal S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1252-8403
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Article History
Received: 25 December 2025
Accepted: 15 February 2026
First Online: 10 April 2026
Declarations
:
: ”This study was approved by the Local Committee of Bioethics (HAP-09-A-043) at the Northern Border University in Saudi Arabia, decision no.) 42/25/H (on 22/05/2025, concerning the approval of applying for this research. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards laid down by the Declaration of Helsinki”. “Oral and written informed consents were obtained from all participants prior to their participation. All participants were informed that participation is completely voluntary, and data collectors introduced and explained the research to participants”.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
