Yamamoto, Koji
Okuda, Hirozumi
Kinoshita, Arisa
Osaki, Toru
Tsuruta, Keisuke
Miyazaki, Keita
Asai, Hideki
Kawai, Yasuyuki
Fukushima, Hidetada
Article History
Received: 31 January 2026
Accepted: 2 April 2026
First Online: 11 April 2026
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by the ethics committee of Nara Medical University Hospital (Approval Number: 3777). The requirement for informed consent was waived for all enrolled patients because the study used anonymized public-domain data. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable. This study used anonymized retrospective data, and no individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos) is included. The requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee.
: The authors declare no competing interests.