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Authors
Tantawy, Mohamed Fawzy https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3088-3862
Abou-Ashour, Hady Saleh
Elhabashy, Mahmoud Mousa
Ali, Ali Hamouda
Habib, Rehab Mohammed
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Article History
Received: 14 March 2026
Accepted: 27 July 2026
First Online: 25 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee (IRB approval number 2/2023 SURG 17). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal guardians. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Use of artificial intelligence: The authors used ChatGPT (OpenAI) solely for language editing and clarity improvement. All scientific content and interpretation were developed and verified by the authors.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
