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Authors
Kurtul, Irmak https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3566-9172
Aksun Tümerkan, Elif Tuğçe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-0569
Kaya, Cüneyt https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4531-798X
Bayhan, Bahar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2807-7512
Sarı, Hasan M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1000-514X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ege Üniversitesi
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Article History
Received: 2 August 2025
Accepted: 20 December 2025
First Online: 11 February 2026
Declarations
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: According to national and institutional regulations in Türkiye, ethical approval is required only for experimental studies involving animals. Based on the decision of the Animal Experiments Ethics Committee of Ege University (dated 11 December 2009, Decision Number 13), and the official letter from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, General Directorate of Nature Conservation and National Parks (dated 9 April 2010, Reference Number B.18.0.DMP.0.03.05.445.01.01/109/2970), studies that do not include experimental procedures on animals do not require approval from an ethics committee. As this study involved only field sampling and observational data on wild fish populations, and did not include any laboratory experiments or manipulative procedures on live animals, no specific ethics committee approval was required. All procedures, including euthanasia by phenoxyethanol overdose, were carried out by certified researchers under the relevant national permits.
: Not applicable.
: The author has no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The author has no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
