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Authors
Zhang, Charles
Ersan, Sinan
Lin, Jonathan B.
Cale, Mario
Albini, Thomas A.
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Article History
Received: 23 August 2025
Accepted: 28 October 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
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: This is a cross-sectional time series study utilizing the TriNetX United States Research Network, a federated network of de-identified electronic health records from various healthcare organizations across the US. This platform allows for the aggregation of clinical data across diverse institutions. The study was exempt from institutional review board approval as only de-identified data was analyzed.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
