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Authors
Li, Zekun
Shen, Guangcong
Ma, Xiaoqing
Meng, Chenyang
Abudukeremu, Diliyaer
Zhao, Rui
Chen, Zuoyu
Song, Qiang
Guo, Xiaofan
Zhou, Tianxing
Xu, Chao
Ni, Bo
Shan, Yueying
Fu, Boyang
Chen, Yiheng
Jiang, Zhansheng
Xie, Yongjie
Wang, Kaiyuan
Wu, Liangliang
Wang, Xiuchao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Innovation Guidance Project (CXYD 2020BT09)
The Science & Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education (2022K1221)
The Science & Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education (2022K1221)
The Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China (24JCQNJC00390)
The Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China (22JCQNJC00100)
Tianjin Health Research Project (TJ WJ2024QN016)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82273362)
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Article History
Received: 11 May 2025
Accepted: 19 September 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Declarations
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: The use of patient-derived tissues and clinical data in this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, China (Approval No.: EK20240211), conducted in strict accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and all patients provided written informed consent for the collection and use of their tumor specimens and associated clinical information for research purposes. Additionally, animal experiments involving humanized mouse models were reviewed and approved by the Animal Ethical and Welfare Committee (AEWC) of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital (Approval No.: 2024001), with procedures adhering to national guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals to minimize discomfort and ensure strict compliance with ethical standards for animal welfare.
: The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data, images, or case reports that could potentially identify patients. All studies involving human tissues were conducted with anonymized samples, and no personal or identifiable information is included. Therefore, formal consent for publication from individual patients or their guardians is not required.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: Data, analytic methods, and study materials will be made available to other researchers.
