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Authors
Chen, Ziyi
Huang, Jiangnan
Shen, Chun
Li, Yaoyao
Wen, Zhi
Sun, Yinhui
Liu, Hua
Wang, Lihuai https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4635-3230
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology Platform Project (2021SK4023)
Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology Platform Project (2021SK4023)
Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology Platform Project (2021SK4023)
Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology Platform Project (2021SK4023)
Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology Platform Project (2021SK4023)
Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology Platform Project (2021SK4023)
Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology Platform Project (2021SK4023)
Hunan Provincial Clinical Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology Platform Project (2021SK4023)
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2025JJ80929,2025JJ90017)
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2025JJ80929,2025JJ90017)
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2025JJ80929,2025JJ90017)
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2025JJ80929,2025JJ90017)
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2025JJ80929,2025JJ90017)
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2025JJ80929,2025JJ90017)
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2025JJ80929,2025JJ90017)
Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2025JJ80929,2025JJ90017)
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Article History
Received: 18 May 2025
Accepted: 13 October 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine (Approval No. HN-LL-GZR-2024-034). The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the anonymized nature of clinical data extracted from electronic medical records.
: The authors confirm that no personally identifiable information, images, or videos of participants are included in this manuscript. All clinical data presented are aggregated and anonymized, adhering to ethical standards for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
