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Divergent long-term trends in semen quality and reproductive hormones across the COVID-19 pandemic era in infertile men: an age-stratified retrospective study

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12610-026-00309-1

Published Online: 2026-03-26

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Li, Peilian

Liu, Shuang

Chen, Ke

Gao, Yang
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Chongqing Natural Science Foundation (CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0253)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-03-26

Version of Record valid from 2026-03-26
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Article History

Received: 26 December 2025

Accepted: 16 March 2026

First Online: 26 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study was reviewed and the requirement for ethical approval was waived by the Reproductive Medicine Ethics Committee of Chongqing Maternal and Child Health Hospital. All data utilized in this study were anonymized and sourced from the previously approved research project (No. 2021-RGI-02). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments.For this retrospective analysis of anonymized data, the requirement for individual informed consent was also waived by the ethics committee.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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