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Radiation-synthesized naringin-loaded PEG-Au nanocomposite induces autophagy and suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma in rats via modulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR downstream beclin-1/ATG2A pathway

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12645-025-00360-z

Published Online: 2026-01-09

Published Print: 2026-12

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

ElBakary, Nermeen M.

Salem, Fatma A. M.

Mohammed, Faten F.

Mesalam, Noura M.
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-01-09

Version of Record valid from 2026-01-27
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Article History

Received: 1 November 2025

Revised: 29 November 2025

Accepted: 9 December 2025

First Online: 9 January 2026

Declarations

:

: All procedures involving animals conformed to the guidelines established by the National Institutes of Health (NIH, No. 85:23, revised 1996), and were approved by the Ethics Committee of the NCRRT, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt. The study adhered to the principles of the Committee on Ethical Issues in Animal Research (CIOMS), the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS, 2012), and the ARRIVE guidelines (version 2.0). The research protocol was developed in accordance with the 3Rs principles—replacement, reduction, and refinement—and received approval under protocol number F/55A/22.

: Not applicable.

: There are no human subjects in this article and informed consent is not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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